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Below- and aboveground abundance and distribution of fungal entomopathogens in experimental conventional and organic cropping systems
N. V. Meyling1*, K. Thorup-Kristensen2 and J. Eilenberg1
Abstract
The below- and aboveground communities of fungal entomopathogens (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) were investigated in an experimental conventional and organic vegetable cropping system over two seasons in Denmark. The experimental design allowed for evaluating differences between farming practices in the occurrence of soil-borne fungal entomopathogens and as natural infections aboveground in arthropod hosts.
Belowground, Metarhizium anisopliae dominated the agricultural field with Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium flavoviride, and Isaria fumosorosea being present at lower frequencies. Abundances of M. anisopliae were not different between conventional and organic soils. Aboveground, B. bassiana was the most common fungal entomopathogen in arthropod host cadavers.
Infections of M. flavoviride, Isaria farinosa, and Gibellula spp. were also recorded. Most mycosed cadavers were recovered in August and September from conventionally farmed plots. Cadaver sizes ranged from 1.9 to 23.6 mm with means of 3.7–4.1 mm. Among host functional groups, predators dominated (47–63%) over herbivores, parasitoids, and nectar-feeders. No occurrence of M. anisopliae was recorded among >200 mycosed cadavers aboveground.
The results therefore suggest that M. anisopliae is not involved in direct below- and aboveground interactions in the investigated agroecosystem. Conservation biological control strategies targeting M. anisopliae should thus be solely for controlling soil-dwelling pests in temperate regions as this fungus is unlikely naturally to infect aboveground hosts in the agroecosytem.
See the full article, available on Organic E-Prints...
Source
Biological Control (2011) 59: 180-186
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.07.017
Author Locations and Affiliations
(1) Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
(2) Department of Horticulture, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
* Corresponding author, E-mail nvm@life.ku.dk
Posted December 2011